Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78)

W. D. West ¹, V. D. Choubey ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Applied Geology, University of Saugar, IN

Abstract

A study of the geomorphology of the country around Sagar and Katangi, M. P. has led to the conclusion that the present drainage, originating on a plateau of Deccan Trap lavas which once covered the whole area, has been superimposed on the underlying Vindhyan rocks. Around Sagar, with the partial removal of the Trap, a mature topography of hills and valleys carved out of horizontal Vindhyans has been resurrected. As a result the new drainage pattern bears little relation to this pre-Deccan Trap topography. The more powerful streams continued to erode in the courses they were following on the Deccan Trap, cutting gorges through Vindhyan hills; but the weaker streams appear to be adapting their courses to the old Vindhyan topography.

To the south-east of Sagar, along the south-eastern margin of the Vindhyan basin, the Vindhyan rocks have been considerably disturbed. A flat, elongated dome has been developed around Jabera, while further south-east sharp folding and faulting have produced long, steeply dipping ridges of Vindhyan, adjacent to the older Bijawar massif. Here also the Deccan Trap drainage is now seen superimposed on the Vindhyans, but there has also been a tendency to develop a radial drainage in the area of the dome, which has been carved into a basin.

The origin of typical Deccan Trap scenery, with its horizontal platforms and retreating scarp slopes, is discussed, as also the origin of the waterfall at Rahatgarh.

The time of uplift of the Vindhyan rocks, and the period of their folding and denudation in the Jabera-Katangi region, are also briefly alluded to.

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V. D. Choubey ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Geology, Regional Engineering College, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, IN

Abstract

The author outlines the general geologic setting of the Transitional rocks (Precambrians) of the Jabalpur district, describes the principal characteristics of folding, records the divergence in orientation, and suggests an explanation for the regional tectonic setting. The folds occur in a thick sequence of sub-metamorphic rocks which have been subjected to repeated folding. Two successive phases of folding have been recognised; major folds of the first phase account for the over all structural pattern shown by the lithologic units; while the second phase occurs mostly as minor folds. The major folds are isoclinal to overturned folds and their axial planes and fold limbs strike north-east and dip steeply, the fold axes plunge steeply towards NE. The general strike of the axes and axial planes of the later phase is north-west, plunging SE.

Along the south-eastern margin of the Vindhyan basin where it abuts against these repeatedly deformed rocks, a flat elongated dome has been developed around labera and Katangi. Regarding the mode of formation of the dome structure, it is suggested that it has resulted from the interference of two sets of folding in the basement rocks and the subsequent tectonic movement direction lay close to the axial plane of the second fold set.

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V. D. Choubey ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Geology, Regional Engineering College, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, IN

Abstract

In Central India, the rocks belong to two groups, Vindhyans of lower Palaeozoic or late Precambrian age and the Deccan Trap lava flows of Cretaceous-Eocene age. The study of the geomorphology has led to the conclusion that after the deposition of the Vindhyans in a shallow inland sea, the country was uplifted. peneplaned and subsequently greatly dissected by a later cycle of erosion. Much later, the old and mature Vindhyan topography was buried beneath the lava flows and the associated sediments.

As denudation proceeded, erosion removed the lavas and sediments in places, laying bare the old land surface beneath. Thus the former topography of mature hills and flat valleys has been resurrected. With the partial removal of the lava flows: the remnants of the Cretaceous peneplain exist at an elevation of about 1950ft. At a lower surface of 1450 ft.,-the lavas rest on a planation surface developed particularly on the weaker rocks in a much more widespread younger cycle. The subvolcanic surface is reconstructed in detail and shows that the current drainage is superimposed on the pre-Deccan trap topography; and after the removal of the lavas, the rivers are tending to revert to the pre-Deccan trap drainage system. The current valley cycle. where the basalts have been removed, is largely coincident with the lower erosion surface, but it is now coming under attack from a newer cycle working up from Narmada and Ganges rivers.

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V. D. Choubey ¹, I. Sankaranarayana ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Applied Geology, Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad 826 004, IN

Abstract

The Jharia Coal field is a part of an east-west trending intracratonic Gondwana basin in eastern India. This paper presents the results of a comprehensive research programme to understand the hydrogeological setting and the aquifer characteristics. Water table in weathered zone is observed to fluctuate cyclically with seasons and suggests shallow ground water flow system. Aquifer parameters obtained by pumping tests are relatively low and these formations are classified as poor aquifers. The small volumes of water in coal mines is directly related to poor hydraulic conductivity of the rocks associated with coal.

Keywords

Hydrogeology, Jharia Coal Field, Bihar.

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